Thomas Sprat

The Right Reverend

Thomas Sprat

FRS
The Right Reverend; Thomas Sprat; FRS
Bishop of Rochester
	Sprat by Michael Dahl
Province	Canterbury
Diocese	Rochester
Installed	1684
Predecessor	Francis Turner
Successor	Francis Atterbury
Other post(s)	Dean of Westminster
Orders
Ordination	1660 or earlier
Consecration	2 November 1684; by William Sancroft
Personal details
Born	1635; Beaminster, Dorset
Died	20 May 1713 (aged 77–78); Bromley, Kent
Buried	St Nicholas' Chapel
Nationality	English
Denomination	Church of England
Residence	Bishop's Palace, Bromley
Spouse	Helen Wolseley
Children	Thomas Sprat FRS, Archdeacon of Rochester
Profession	Clergyman
Alma mater	Wadham College, Oxford

Thomas Sprat, FRS (1635 – 20 May 1713) was an English churchman and writer, Bishop of Rochester from 1684.

Life

Sprat was born at Beaminster, Dorset, and educated at Wadham College, Oxford, where he held a fellowship from 1657 to 1670. Having taken orders he became a prebendary of Lincoln Cathedral in 1660. In the preceding year he had gained a reputation by his poem To the Happie Memory of the most Renowned Prince Oliver, Lord Protector (London, 1659), and he was afterwards well known as a wit, preacher and man of letters.^[1]

In 1669 Sprat became canon of Westminster Abbey, and in 1670 rector of Uffington, Lincolnshire. He was chaplain to Charles II in 1676, curate and lecturer at St Margaret's, Westminster, in 1679, canon of Chapel Royal, Windsor in 1681, Dean of Westminster in 1683 and Bishop of Rochester in 1684.^[1] He was appointed Dean of the Chapel Royal in 1685 and was Clerk of the Closet from 1685 to 1687.^{[citation needed]}

Sprat was a member of James II's ecclesiastical commission, and in 1688 he read the Declaration of Indulgence to empty benches in Westminster Abbey. The suggestion was that he was playing at being Vicar of Bray. Although he opposed the motion of 1689 declaring the throne vacant, he assisted at the coronation of William and Mary. As Dean of Westminster he directed Christopher Wren's restoration of the abbey.^[1]

In 1692 a bizarre attempt was made to implicate Sprat in a plot to restore the deposed king James II. This became known as the "flowerpot plot" because it involved a conspirator—a man named Robert Young—forging Sprat's signature on a document, smuggling it into the Bishop's manor and hiding the paper under a flowerpot. The authorities were contacted about the document, which led to the Bishop's arrest for high treason and the searching of his house—the forged document was eventually found where Young had said it would be. However, Sprat was soon freed when it became clear that there was no case to answer.^[2]^[3]^[4]

He died of apoplexy in 1713 at the Bishop's Palace in Bromley, Kent and was buried on the south side of St Nicholas' Chapel^[5] in Westminster Abbey.^[6] The monument is by Francis Bird.^[7]

Works

Sprat's major prose works are the Observations upon Monsieur de Sorbier's Voyage into England (London, 1665), a satirical reply to the strictures on Englishmen in Samuel de Sorbière's book Relation d'un voyage en Angleterre (Paris, 1664), and a History of the Royal Society of London (London, 1667), which Sprat had helped to found. The History of the Royal Society elaborates the scientific purposes of the academy and outlines some of the strictures of scientific writing that set the modern standards for clarity and conciseness.

A collection of ten of his sermons was published in 1710.

For his work on the history of science he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1663.^[6]

Family

He married Helen, the daughter of Devereux Wolseley of Ravenstone, Staffordshire and was the father of Thomas Sprat, Archdeacon of Rochester and Fellow of the Royal Society. Shortly after the elder Sprat's death, his son was made a canon of Westminster Abbey.^[8]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Chisholm 1911.
^ Johnson, p36 ff.
^ Clinch, p15 ff.
^ Lee, 419 ff.
^ 'The Abbey Scientists' Hall, A. R. p12: London; Roger & Robert Nicholson; 1966
^ ^a ^b "Fellow's details". Royal Society. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
^ Dictionary of British sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis
^ Westminster Abbey – Thomas Sprat (Accessed 16 April 2013)

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sprat, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 736.
Clinch, George. Antiquarian Jottings: relating to Bromley, Hayes Keston, and West Wickham, in Kent (1889).
Johnson, Samuel. The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets: Vol. 2 (1821).
Sprat, Thomas. History of the Royal Society of London, for the Improving of Natural Knowledge (London, 1667).

External links

Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury
Hobbes, Thomas, Thucydides and Sprat, Thomas (1665) The Plague of Athens at Project Gutenberg.

Church of England titles
Preceded by John Dolben	Dean of Westminster 1683–1713	Succeeded by Francis Atterbury
Preceded by Francis Turner	Bishop of Rochester 1684–1713	Succeeded by Francis Atterbury

[FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1] Chisholm 1911.

[2] Johnson, p36 ff.

[3] Clinch, p15 ff.

[4] Lee, 419 ff.

[5] 'The Abbey Scientists' Hall, A. R. p12: London; Roger & Robert Nicholson; 1966

[RS-6] "Fellow's details". Royal Society. Retrieved 17 April 2017.

[7] Dictionary of British sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis

[8] Westminster Abbey – Thomas Sprat (Accessed 16 April 2013)

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v t e Bishops of Rochester
Pre-Conquest	Justus Romanus Paulinus of York Ithamar Damianus Putta Cwichelm Gebmund Tobias Aldwulf Dunn Eardwulf Diora Waermund (I) Beornmod Tatnoth Badenoth Waermund (II) Cuthwulf Swithwulf Ceolmund Cyneferth Burgric Beorhtsige Ælfstan Godwine (I) Godwine (II) Siward
Conquest to Reformation	Arnost Gundulf Ralph d'Escures Ernulf John (I) John (II) Ascelin Walter Waleran Gilbert Glanvill Benedict of Sausetun Henry Sandford Richard Wendene Lawrence of St Martin Walter de Merton John Bradfield John Kirkby Thomas Ingoldsthorpe Thomas Wouldham Hamo Hethe John Sheppey William Whittlesey Thomas Trilleck Thomas Brinton William Bottlesham John Bottlesham Richard Young John Kemp John Langdon Thomas Brunce William Wells John Low Thomas Rotherham John Alcock John Russell Edmund Audley Thomas Savage Richard FitzJames John Fisher
Post-Reformation	John Hilsey Nicholas Heath Henry Holbeach Nicholas Ridley John Ponet John Scory Maurice Griffith Edmund Allen Edmund Gheast Edmund Freke John Piers John Young William Barlow Richard Neile John Buckeridge Walter Curle John Bowle John Warner Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth) John Warner John Dolben Francis Turner Thomas Sprat Francis Atterbury Samuel Bradford Joseph Wilcocks Zachary Pearce John Thomas Samuel Horsley Thomas Dampier Walker King Hugh Percy George Murray Joseph Wigram Thomas Legh Claughton Anthony Thorold Randall Davidson Edward Talbot John Harmer Linton Smith Christopher Chavasse David Say Michael Turnbull Michael Nazir-Ali James Langstaff Jonathan Gibbs

v t e Clerks of the Closet
17th century	Richard Neile William Juxon Matthew Wren Richard Steward Gilbert Sheldon John Earle John Dolben Walter Blandford Nathaniel Crew Thomas Sprat Sir Edward Petre John Tillotson Thomas Burnet John Montagu
18th century	William Graham Samuel Pratt Charles Trimnell Richard Willis Henry Egerton Joseph Butler John Gilbert John Thomas William Buller Richard Hurd
19th century	William Jackson George Pelham Robert Carr Edward Stanley John Graham Henry Philpott Randall Davidson
Since 1900	William Boyd Carpenter Hubert Burge Thomas Strong Cyril Garbett Percy Herbert Roger Wilson Gordon Fallows John Bickersteth John Waine Jonathan Bailey Christopher Hill James Newcome Richard Jackson

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