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Overview of the events of 1883 in science
The year 1883 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
August 26 – Krakatoa begins its final phase of eruptions at 1:06 pm local time. These produce a number of tsunami , mainly in the early hours of the next day, which result in about 36,000 deaths on the islands of Sumatra and Java . The final explosion at 10:02 am on August 27 destroys the island of Krakatoa itself and is heard up to 3000 miles away.
Vasily Dokuchaev publishes Russian Chernozem .January 4 – Johanna Westerdijk (died 1961 ), Dutch plant pathologist .
February 10 – Edith Clarke (died 1959 ), American electrical engineer, inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame .
March 4 – Julius Fromm (died 1945 ), German businessman, inventor known for the Condom machine
May 5 – Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler (died 1966 ), American mathematician.
May 13 – Georgios Papanikolaou (died 1962 ), Greek -born cytopathologist , inventor of the Pap smear .
June 24 – Victor Francis Hess (died 1964 ), American physicist .
July 15 – Orii Hyōjirō (died 1970 ), Japanese animal specimen collector.
August 4 – Sydney Smith (died 1969 ), New Zealand -born forensic pathologist .
August 6 – Constance Georgina Adams (died 1968 ), South African botanist.[ 10]
October 2 – Karl von Terzaghi (died 1963 ), Austrian "father of soil mechanics ".
October 8 – Otto Heinrich Warburg (died 1970 ), German physiologist , winner of the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . January 23 – George Miller Beard (born 1839 ), American neurologist .
April 10 - Maurice Krishaber (born 1836 ), naturalised French Hungarian otorhinolaryngologist .[ 11]
April 14 – William Farr (born 1807 ), English epidemiologist .
April 28 – Rev. John Russell (born 1795 ), English dog breeder .
May 13 – James Young (born 1811 ), Scottish chemist .
June 18 – John Waterston (born 1811), Scottish physicist and civil engineer (drowned).
June 26 – General Sir Edward Sabine (born 1788 ), Anglo-Irish physicist, astronomer and explorer .
September 15 – Joseph Plateau (born 1801 ), Belgian physicist.
December 8 – François Lenormant (born 1837 ), French assyriologist and numismatist .
December 13 – John Stringfellow (born 1799 ), English pioneer of heavier-than-air flight.
^ "Svante August Arrhenius" . Science History Institute . Retrieved 21 March 2018 .^ Bowden, Mary Ellen (1997). "Svante August Arrhenius" Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences . Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp. 32–34 . ISBN 9780941901123 ^ Kutney, Gerald (2007). Sulfur: History, Technology, Applications & Industry ISBN 9781895198379 ^ Galton, Francis (1883). Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development 199 . ^ Baethge, C.; Salvatore, P.; Baldessarini, R. J. (September 2003). "Cyclothymia, a circular mood disorder". History of Psychiatry . 14 (55 Pt 3): 377–390. doi :10.1177/0957154X030143008 . PMID 14621693 . S2CID 145076032 . ^ Koukopoulos, A. (January 2003). "Ewald Hecker's description of cyclothymia as a cyclical mood disorder: its relevance to the modern concept of bipolar II". Journal of Affective Disorders . 73 (1–2): 199–205. doi :10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00326-9 . PMID 12507752 . ^ Reynolds, Osborne (1883). "An experimental investigation of the circumstances which determine whether the motion of water shall be direct or sinuous, and of the law of resistance in parallel channels" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 174 : 935–982. Bibcode :1883RSPT..174..935R . doi :10.1098/rstl.1883.0029 JSTOR 109431 . ^ Rott, N. (1990). "Note on the history of the Reynolds number". Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 22 (1): 1–11. Bibcode :1990AnRFM..22....1R . doi :10.1146/annurev.fl.22.010190.000245 . S2CID 54583669 . ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 23 July 2020 .^ Rall, Maureen (2002). Petticoat Pioneers: The History of the Pioneer Women who Lived on the Diamond Fields in the Early Years . Kimberley, South Africa: Kimberley Africana Library. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-62027-613-9 ^ "Notice no. LH/1409/37" . Base Léonore
